New York Citys Great Fire of 1835

A Career as an FBI Profiler - 1694 Words

When we were little, we thought the word â€Å"Career† was not a big deal, but as a senior in high school the word has become our reality as we start to finish our last semester. The question we’ve been asked all these years was what do you want to be when you grow up? But our answer was simple; we don’t want to grow up. As an innocent kid it seemed like the time would never come, but it has. It’s time to get serious and really ponder on this question. My mind has wondered for so long on what my career would be. We all wanted to be an astronaut, but I never liked space or the fact of not having any gravity. What if I get lost in the universe? Maybe I’ll be a firefighter, but I never was interested. Well how about a cop? That’s it, a police†¦show more content†¦The most difficult thing about their position is â€Å"Stress† (Rick Bates). â€Å"Sometimes you can do your job and sometimes you can’t, due to bureaucracy† (Rick Bates). Sheriffs are everywhere and once you see them you feel relieved because you know you are safe. Their service covers over three hundred and ninety thousand citizens in the area. There are more than 3,100 sheriff offices throughout the nation. Other agencies include: Commission Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. (CALEA), The American Correctional Association (ACA), and The National Commission on Correctional Healthcare (NCCHC). Those agencies have received an award known as the Triple Crown Award. The Pinellas Sheriff’s office is one of thirty offices to receive this award. While working for the Sheriff’s department you must meet the requirements that they have in order to work there. You must be twenty-one years or older, be in great shape and have a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice. You must attend an academy first for training and then you’ll head on your way to being a cop. The CALEA was very independent and their authority was given by other four agencies. In 1870 the ACA was founded, but it was originally named The National Prison Association then it was changed in 1954 to American Correctional Association. The NCCHC was the study of the medical association in the early 1970s. TheShow MoreRelatedOverview of Criminal Profiling Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagescriminal profiler is not like it is on all the television shows, but it is still an interesting and important job. Criminal profilers have been used to close many police and federal cases. They work in several homicide cases involving rape, racial killings, brutal killings, and involving serial killers. They help make it easier for the police to find the right person by examining the crime scene. Being a criminal profiler is a tough job but with hard work and dedication it is a great career choiceRead MoreCriminal Crime And The Criminal Justice System1693 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Profiler/Psy chologist’s are people in the Criminal Justice System that create psychological profiles of criminals in order to identify behavioral patterns, in efforts to help officers narrow down their searches to people who fit that particular description. Profiler’s examine crime scenes, analyze evidence, read reports from investigators, write reports, and interview witnesses and victims in order to collect information. They may work for local, state, or federal law enforcement. ProfilersRead MoreSpeaking FBI, people will think of the following picture: and FBI agent hold the gun point it to1500 Words   |  6 PagesSpeaking FBI, people will think of the following picture: and FBI agent hold the gun point it to the suspect one hand, the other hand show the certification and shouting FBI. They exist in numbers of movies and TV series as heroes. Are FBI in real life same as people seen on TV? The fascination of TV â€Å"Criminal Minds† has affected many viewers about FBI , however, the real agents are different than they are on TV. As people know, FBI are very mysterious organization. They have many secrets, andRead MoreWhat is the importance of Criminal Profiling?1311 Words   |  4 Pagesof criminal profiling can be traced back to the early 1800s, Jacob Fries, Cesare Lombroso, Alphonse Bertiollon, Hans Gross, Ernest Kretschmer and others. All made small contributions to the present day field. [1] Profiles are generated by profilers that have been through college and they may even have a perceptive way about them. When I think of criminal profiling my first thought is a puzzle. Putting the pieces they have in front of them together or analyzing every inch of the crime sceneRead MoreCriminal Profiling1152 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence at the crime scene. Profiler must be extremely knowledgeable in the area of crime scenes, criminals, and psychology. Profilers will look at the weapons used, amount of violence, the position of bodies, any verbal statements, and information about victim. Criminal profiling is often used to help find serial killers and psychopaths that may go free without criminal profiling. Criminal profiling is used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and law enforcements. (EnteringRead MoreCriminal Profiling the Popular Tv Shows 21594 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal profiler will create a psychological profile of a suspect to aid Law Enforcement in the identification and location of the suspect by merely what they know about human behavior, motivation, and mental illness. (www.wcupa.edu.). A large number of criminals have been detained using criminal profiling. There are many TV shows that portray Criminal Profiling as a glamorous position within the Criminal Justice Field, this, unfortunately, couldn’t be farther from the truth. A criminal profiler willRead MorePsychology : The Psychology Of Psychology877 Words   |  4 Pagestaking place in the consultation is something I would enjoy doing. The reason I like both clinical and forensic psychologist is because majority of forensic psychologists are clinical psychologists, showing the two overlap. My ideal job would be an FBI profiler. While this is not in the psychology field it is psychology related. I would love to work hands on with criminal investigation, such as inspecting the crime scene, searching suspects home and then interrogating them. This is a job under criminalRead MoreExplain the Differences Between Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic Psychologists and What Is the Difference in Their Disciplines of Expertise.1550 Words   |  7 Pagesthe differences between Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic psychologists and what is the difference in their disciplines of expertise. As well as looking at blue collar crime vs. white collar crime, how they are reported and measured by the FBI in their uniformed crime reporting. Also how blue collar crime is much more popular culture by the media. And finally the difference between a index- one and index- two crime under the UCR, as well as which index-one crimes are violent crimes and whichRead MoreCriminal Profil ing Essay1767 Words   |  8 Pagesappearance and behavior of a potential criminal. Criminal profilers are primarily employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, most commonly known as the FBI. (Walker) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID), and the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) are a few other agencies that also employ criminal profilers. Although there are other employers that hire criminal profilers, the FBI is the most prominent. In order to be considered as a potentialRead MoreThe Crime Of Criminal Justice1547 Words   |  7 Pagespsychologists study how the behaviors of known offenders can be used to understand and predict future crimes. These specific psychologists are better known to the public as criminal profilers. A profiler would typically work for a government agency, such as the FBI or a local law enforcement agency. The work of a profiler includes studying hundreds of cases of known criminals and gathering a fully comprehensive list of information. This type of list would include content s uch as age, gender, personality

Journal of Chemical Health and Safety Process safety

Questions: 1- Carry out risk assessments as required by legislation, regulation and organisational requirements ensuring appropriate action is taken.2- Demonstrate that health and safety regulations and legislation applicable in specific work situations are correctly and effectively applied.3- Carry out a systematic review of organisational health and safety policies and procedures in order to ensure they are effective and compliant .4- Carry out practical application of health and safety policies and procedures in the workplace . Answers: Required Risk assessments by regulation, legislation, and organizational requirements confirming suitable action is engaged The risk calculation is one of the significant responsibilities of an organization. There are various types of risk factors located in the organization. On the other hand, the health and safety issues should be taken as a serious factor (Tatom, 2011). Moreover, the management of an organization should implement proper rules, regulation and legislation for all stakeholders of an organization. Risk assessment is a kind of process which prohibits some specified negative events to occur. According to the case study, Im working in a nursery as admin and finance officer. We provide childcare 6 months to 5 years. In this nursery, some significant risk assessments are identified such as child protection, grooming and safety. It is very common that a child of 6 months needs extra care and safety. First of all, in order to prevent diseases all employee should clean their hands with liquid soap. Moreover, that child requires more care for better improvement (MacGillivray, 2013). Therefore, food safety takes place in this nursery. This nursery maintains specific food chart for an individual child. In addition, many germs and bacteria can spread up through the water. So, we take it seriously and arrange a water purifier for drinking water. However, some staffs did not clean their hand but serve food to children. As a result, some children become ill for infection. So, health and safety issue should be executed properly in the nursery. Health and safety rules in precise work circumstances Health and safety regulations and legislation involve some important measurements that influence health and safety environment for employees. As early mentioned our nursery home provides child care, so we try to give full health and safety equipment to our children. Talking about a reasonable complex work activity, we mainly focus on the pre-school activity. This facility is going to age 3 years to 5 years, children. According to health and safety regulations, we do not create mental pressure on childrens brain. We have very efficient teachers who are very responsible and sincere. On the other hand, we have only 3 rooms for child care but only one room is allocated as a pre-school room (Osteoporosis: diagnosis and risk assessment, 2014). Talking about the specific work situation, our teachers do not show aggressiveness during class. For an example, a child is facing trouble to understand a specific lesson but he do not express, in that critical situation our teacher take extra care in order to teach the lesson without hurting him. It is comparatively better rather than any other pre-school. Moreover, teachers resolve problems between students with patience without punishing anybody. In other words, our teachers do all things according to the health and safety regulations and legislations. In terms of students safety issue, our teachers pay more attention to the development of children through active learning facility. However, they always teach their students how to maintain safety in life. In addition, they provide the basic education to their students which lead them to a bright future (Hendershot, 2016). Systematic review of organizational health and safety policies and procedures to ensure the effectiveness and compliant The administrative health and safety guidelines should cover the total strategy of an employer's occupational safety and health organization (Holly, Salmond and Saimbert, 2012). The fundamental element of a successful health and safety management includes the following systems: Planning An effective planning is required to fulfill the health and safety policy in the workplace. An efficient management formation and arrangements should be set in place in the delivery of the policy. Commitment and policy According to section 20 of the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005, any workplace should prepare a professional health and safety policy program. This will help in the improvement of the business performance. Liabilities to the working environment and people will be met in a way that fulfills the letter and spirit of the law (Hanberger, 2015). Therefore, proper official documents need to be approved by the government, so the nursery can run its business without any type of disturbances. Operation and implementation The systematic approach for the implementation of safety and health policy via an effectual health and safety management system should be planned properly to minimize risk. The risk assessment methods should be utilized for the determination of priorities and setting objectives. It is used to eliminate hazards and reduce risks. For example, the nursery contains babies and toddlers and, therefore, the proper implementation of rooms needs to be made with proper first aid kits to reduce risk. The everyday use of health and safety rules and actions in the office Suppose two health and safety policies are taken into consideration for describing the practical application in the workplace. The two health and safety rules are Work Health and Safety Act 2012 and the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2012 (Hadjimanolis and Boustras, 2013). According to Work Health and Safety Act 2012, employees and other peoples are protected against damage to their fitness, care, and wellbeing over the abolition of risk from work. Therefore, the toddlers and teachers in the pre-school room will be protected by using the Work Health and Safety Act 2012 policy. The main application of this policy is that it establishes cooperation between all teachers, staffs, and students. The policies inspire proposals for understanding the healthiness and security objects for creating a harmless operational setting with a nil mishap rate. This policy implemented for teachers and students to make them safe work practices. It is done to avoid injuries. It also makes the employees take sensible maintenance of the health and safety of the children. Apart from these, it complies with any direction given by management for health and safety (Johnstone and Tooma, 2012). Therefore, in the nursery, this policy can be applied for the proper safety of children. On the other hand, the teachers and staffs should report all accidents and incidents during the time of working. They should also report all observed or known hazards to the administrator. Therefore, it can be concluded that the nursery can be well maintained if these policies are applied. References Hendershot, D. (2016). Process safety: More to process safety than regulations. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety. MacGillivray, B. (2013). Heuristics Structure and Pervade Formal Risk Assessment. Risk Analysis, 34(4), pp.771-787. Osteoporosis: diagnosis and risk assessment. (2014). Clinical Pharmacist. Tatom, J. (2011). Financial market regulation. New York: Springer. Hadjimanolis, A. and Boustras, G. (2013). Health and safety policies and work attitudes in Cypriot companies. Safety Science, 52, pp.50-56. Hanberger, A. (2015). Intentions and knowledge constructing local safety policies: A framework of analysis. Safety Science, 73, pp.117-125. Holly, C., Salmond, S. and Saimbert, M. (2012). Comprehensive systematic review for advanced nursing practice. New York: Springer Pub. Johnstone, R. and Tooma, M. (2012). Work health and safety regulation in Australia. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press.

Sheraton Marketing Report Essay Example

Sheraton Marketing Report Essay The aim of this marketing report is to present in the resort’s stature in the market and its further year’s plan to attract in more customer’s even in the troubled economic times. Amongst the core European destinations, holidaying focuses on a far off trip on a destination where one could relax far off from normal tensions, unlike other communities, where in priority is given upon family outings, picnics, etc. I have chosen to target the people of the Great Britain from the whole of European Union as a major part of our customers through this troubled times of economic crisis. Simply, for a plain reason they have a higher spending capacity and that their currency power is higher, though fluctuating in the current market, but still fetches a good amount to its value. The British would not mind spending the right kind of amount to spend a nice long or short vacation where they are away from the city hustle and troubles. In terms of services also Sheraton Krabi beach resort can not disappoint any holidayed on the whole. With the capacity of 246 humongous rooms, serving a minimum capacity of 492 guests on an estimated â€Å"completely booked† day we get more chances to serve the customer in a much better way every time. We can emote ourselves in much better manner with having facilities like exhibition halls, conference rooms, having features like wedding, meeting, family, activity features, spa and wellness offers, puts us higher above the list on a customer’s option list. |Page Samir Tengli 000585975 International Marketing Operations Management 30th April, 2010 MARKETI G AUDIT Marketing audit displays an analysis of the micro and macro environmental analysis, micro is explained by SWOT, while macro by PEST Analysis. SWOT Analysis: Strengths of our resort vary from the modern facilities to the relaxation of just person and the sun on the beach, indoor and outdoor gaming facilities, a nd the resort provides prompt services on any call. We will write a custom essay sample on Sheraton Marketing Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sheraton Marketing Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sheraton Marketing Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main strength of the resort is its name, from which it drives in the trust by the name, also being well connected to the Krabi international airport; it brings in an advantage for hotel staff to recommend Sheraton Krabi Beach Resort. Weakness of Sheraton Krabi beach resort is its location which is next to Nakamanda Resort and Spa, which provides similar facilities for a much cheaper package, lack of usage of Internet marketing until now to the fullest potential did lack in attracting more customers or rather to maximize the usage of the resort. Opportunities that are coming across are the usage of technology for marketing and targeting of a set of customers and expansion of the resort to accommodate in more customers. Threat, the political unrest that is disturbing the atmosphere in Thailand is a major factor to stop from customers to choose the country, as long as the problems do not affect Krabi to a very great extent, and recent global economic downturn is making people think thrice before spending every penny. PEST Analysis: The ongoing political unrest seems to be a major threat as customers may question the security of the area and the suitability to the situation. On the part of the government it will be much better on part of the government to resolve any unrest in the country to handle their economic situation that is fairly fallen down more post the recession problems. As far as economical situation is considered, recovering from the global recession just brings in more opportunities to try in newer strategies and come out as champions, or try again. In terms of long-term access to data, this decision can help the GDP of Thailand to a great extent as the main income pre-recession was tourism and must continue along the same paths, so success of our strategies has to be important. Socio-culturally, majorly follow Buddhism as the major religion in the country. Language does play an important factor, as the locals are not very well-versed in English, they do find difficulty in adjusting to foreign products. Technological wise we are quite modern, have the access to the latest gadgets available. CSR plays an important role for us, as we will have to maintain the relationship for our benefits so with the entrance of technological features this plays a helping hand. 5|Page Samir Tengli 000585975 International Marketing Operations Management 30th April, 2010 CORPORATE OBJECTIVES Corporate Objectives were concentrated upon the basic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that the resort is responsibility towards the society also. This year I propose to setup solar heaters in place of the electric heater throughout the hotel to balance on the wastage on the tons of electricity spent on the water heating throughout the various quarters. Usage of this solar power could be channeled to other parts also, but main usage will help store and use power. In the premises of the resort, we could promote the use of solar powered carts that help save fuel and/or electricity on the electric run carts. Then I propose to organize marathons in the local city of Krabi and advertise it to other television stations, thus help boosting our resort and help give a boost the tourism of Krabi or Thailand on the whole. With the advent of media with marathons we could also get donations for charity work from many of the millionaires or work in tandem with the government and work for collecting a good amount of money and fund it towards an organization in need through our platform. In the hotel premises, we could introduce the use of toiletries like soaps, shampoo, bathing gel, and shaving cream – come with a special mention of them not being tested by unfair means on animals but be 100% eco friendly. With a special importance to nature, our daily works also focus on preserving the local environment around in and around the resort. Critical ethics training is provided to the staff and members of the team in the interest of the customers and their satisfaction and also to the satisfaction of the stakeholders. Hygiene is given foremost importance inside the premises to embrace various health recognition awards and care for today and tomorrow. MARKETI G OBJECTIVES At Sheraton Krabi Beach Resort we follow a foremost aim to concentrate on the quality of the services offered, that cannot be compromised at any point of the time. Quality looks upon many factors where in cleanliness of rooms, quality of items used, even a welcome drink that is served must be presented beautifully. By the next year, we must have had our resort checked by international quality standards to rate our resort higher than what it stands at. Then we need to look at an investment factor of expansion to at least 20% more of room spacing, where in the starting initiative must begin within the end of the third quarter, this does not only include accommodation space but also expansion of the exhibition halls, wherein we can hold functions of a much larger scale – with designs done so as to promote the outside serene view also. Lastly, we need to go along with the fact that the customer is everything; all his/her needs must be fulfilled at the earliest, we must treat them with utmost care. Training of the staff is an important factor that must not be ignored at any point of the show, and for training per year quite a lot of money flows into it, because training can run not only into ethical behaviors, but every small speck of details that cannot be noticed by common 6|Page Samir Tengli 000585975 International Marketing Operations Management 30th April, 2010 sight must be taken care of, like let’s say a staff member is very courteous with the customer, customer might get pleased with him, but notices that his nails are not clean, that could put off an impression towards the entire lot. That could be harmful to the organization, every aspect is important, from grooming of staff to cleanliness of area, to their service promptness to the way bell boys handle luggage, even to behavior, all factors that strike in between. Every member of the staff must be able to communicate in at least more than two languages, English being the priority language. Even if we cannot invest on certain points under training always a mentor can come forward and advise willingly, and there can be quality check measures, regular survey amongst the staff to keep a check on the other’s and many such moves to bring up the quality of the service provided. Also, when we receive any customer, let’s say for instance a family, how well you gel or make their children comfortable is a major issue that comes in, sweets, toys or any such methods to impress the family to make their stay more enjoyable is always a plus point for the image of the resort. It could be useful for word-of-mouth advertising or for them to come again. Complaints as a section can be kept at check by feed backs provided by the customer upon check-out procedures, and must be regularly attended to as soon as possible to avoid receiving similar complaints from other customers. If customers come again back to the resort, identification must be completed immediately based on existing data and waiting time can be reduced and priorities can be placed on. MARKETI G STRATEGY The first factor where we do see is an involvement of lot advertisements for the resort through various available media. Promotional activities could run through various modes like radio, television, paper adverts, billboards, etc. For the resort to promote in the United Kingdom, I feel the best medium is the radio, which is an integral part of the population of the Great Britain, also because it is a cheaper mode as compared to other places. We could advertise in the local yellow pages, or be listed in local targeted area’s newspaper or magazine, where they can obviously afford to spend a column or page to have a write-up about the name Sheraton. Post cards with views of the resort can be placed on display at local greeting card stores. Flyers and brochures could be set up for hand outs at public places, crowded areas by partner travel agents. We can get covers for diaries and telephone books to be spread around certain organizations where the book coming in display could attract attention and spreading of information of the resort could be easier. Another vital position where we can advertise ourselves is at airport terminals of different airports around the world, which could be useful for frequent business travelers to our resort. Another form of popular and easy advertising has become the use of the Internet. Definitely the use of the hotel’s website to provide all the information is the most ideal method; we could co-ordinate with other web sites and provide a link to our website, we can place in 7|Page Samir Tengli 000585975 International Marketing Operations Management 30th April, 2010 promotional video of the resort and bits and pieces like rooms and services by the resort in the website. Number of people visited can be monitored by the number of clicks or hits per visit on the page. Packages made to attract customers have to be made at different level, keeping in mind various factors like segmentation by class, target for us will be majorly middle class couples, and higher middle class families and members of higher class. Segmentation could also be done according to choice of rooms, like suite, penthouse, double or single occupancy rooms with difference in packages to them. Difference could be definitely gotten by seeing if the customer is already a previous customer or regular or recommended by a regular customer. Tie-ups with local famous away airlines like British Airways could be essential in many ways; packages made could be inclusive of all taxes and inclusive of extras like pickup and drop services. But airlines factor that apply in these cases will be providing the extra ease to the customer for booking and extra discounts, and advantages could be brought in where one world frequent alliance points could be added with extra credit on booking to Sheraton Krabi, with obvious addition to Starwood Frequent Guests credits. We could become like their local resort which can be recommended to their guests in general also. This can become like a feel of priority booking for a customer which can help us to win their hearts over at an early stage of their tour. With the case of bookings, online help could be provided in, either the customer can book online, or he/she can have an online chat with one of our consultants who will be on an online chat window, serving for answering to their queries, we could take down their details and get back to them. Before booking they could check with us if a special pre-order with services of cuisine can be looked up by us. We could tie up with the local market, in order to provide discounts as in when the guests come; we could ask them so produce the coupons and avail 20% discounts at the few novelty stores, 15% at restaurants. Local tours, such as the safari, dinner cruise can be provided as an on arrival package. At the resort, upon arrival coupons can be handed over for complimentary breakfast as a regular and a complimentary cocktail at dinner and/or complimentary basic spa package, and Jet Ski ride for an hour could be provided. Captive product pricing could be applied as a strategy like for the next hour we speak to the customer and inform that for the next hour we will charge a bit higher price than the actual. Another main issue is transport to the resort from the airport. The airport is located 30 minutes away from the Krabi International Airport, so convenience is suitable for us to provide private chauffer driver vehicles for our customers, and the ride must be a pleasant one for them upon arrival to make their ending phase of the journey till the hotel interesting, for example, the driver could be trained or instructed to be really sweet with the customer and act as a partial guide of places of which they cross through. For the customers who land at Phuket International Airport it does get a little bit difficult, not all customers can be provided with a personal vehicle, hence there can be arrangements of van or mini-bus to have a pickup of an interval of every 4 hours till the hotel. Off course regular 8|Page Samir Tengli 000585975 International Marketing Operations Management 30th April, 2010 customers and the high end customers will have a benefit of personalized pick up service from the airport to resort. Customer Relations Management (CRM) is a very important side to the coin when it comes to promoting our resort. With better CR we can promote our resort in the cheapest and the fastest mode, word-of-mouth, which can help to drag in more customers to consider us. We need a set of people who keen a track of reminders and convey wishes for important occasions, such as birthdays, anniversaries, etc and keep a healthy image of ours in their minds, so that they could either recommend us to their known people or come again for another holiday for a stay at our resort. We must tie up with an event management company in the U. K. to help us organize any event including, shows, marriages, or any concert. Marketing mix: The service marketing mix, is followed by us in the old fashion method, we have recruited the right amount of people for the service gaining the right kind of competitive advantage over our other competitors. Customers will have no question when the decision comes down to a quality time and down to understanding our staff, with proper guidance by them. For e. g. , our reception desk is highly capable of handling any kind of situations arising in their presence and their capability to guide any customer with ease of understandability has been appreciated many times in the past by our customers. An efficient process plays an important role in the service mix, it deals with the check-in, check-out, service bookings, services such as shuttle from airport to resort and the other way round after check-out. Physical evidence is the most essential item of the marketing mix of services, in this what the customer views at the web site or brochures has to be either exactly the same to his satisfaction or much bettered, like the room view. Product is the service or the package that has been provided to the customer. The customer looks at the product, waits for him to be able to buy the product and enjoy the fruits (this looks at the customer-life cycle) and the products extends its life cycle by going through the changes in its own services provided and pricing. Place is located as the tour trip that has been booked by the customer and he has channeled his path through bookings by gaining knowledge about our resort through various means. Promotion is an added feature to the mix, the service is the same – the resort package, difference comes in the inclusive we provide with the service and something extra that the customer does agree to our package, and finally comes its pricing. Where our resort follows a pricing strategy which offers a higher price than others but for quality that is assured and recognized worldwide, thus being a combination of premium and product line, where we have all inclusive but at a high rate with some little discounts than shave off the prices from the little corners that still actually make the price package exciting.

Transumerism

Transumerism Rental bags are now seen as a quick and easy way for consumers to access luxury brands that they might never have been able to afford using the usual, old fashioned way of consumption i.e. retailing. This move is a direct result of a transumerism culture and attitude. Transumerism in this case refers to a trend in which consumers look to achieve temporary pleasure or experiences through the services and products they purchase.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Transumerism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transumers prefer this kind of lifestyle because they get to escape the restrictions that come with permanent ownership (Sterba, 2009). Those restrictions may be monetary or otherwise. Renting luxury bags as is the case with thatbagiwant.com, allows a consumer to gain fractional ownership of the commodity. These individuals may be interested in keeping up with trends and opt to do so through such businesses. On the o ther hand, these kinds of trends may be brought on by environmental concerns. The leasing lifestyle allows more people to use less products or it propagates reuse of items. This in essence means less waste and fewer detriments to the environment. Alternatively, some people may be renting bags because they are simply addicted to the excitement of new things. They would rather not be bogged down by the restrictions that come with ownership so thatibagiwant.com allows them to indulge in this practice. Telis and Gaeth (1990) explain that consumers often access the quality of a commodity through its price. Consequently, expensive luxury brands are often believed to be high quality. Sellers are likely to sell these brands at relatively high prices in order to appeal to status conscious buyers. These kinds of buyers usually seek to impress others and they usually do this by expensive products (Dubois and Patrick Duquesne, 1993). However, since not all status conscious consumers have money to buy expensive products at one go then businessmen are working around this problem by offering them rental options or rent to own contracts. Eventually, those consumers can still impress others by owning designer handbags without having to part with a lot of money at once while businessmen can move their goods to wider markets. Such trends are also becoming popular because consumers also want to improve their self concept in their groups. Berry (1994) explains that sometimes products are really used to illustrate a person’s membership in a certain group. In other words, conformance to group values often causes members to feel like they belong.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many will use a certain product to either stand out from other groups or to affiliate themselves with prestigious groups (Bearden Etzel, 1989). The reference theory of consumer behav iour is particularly relevant in understanding this phenomenon. Sometimes markets may possess several reference groups and their demands usually compete with those ones on one’s own group. In such situations, consumption trends will be dictated by the reference group rather than that group. In other situations though, people may conform to their group’s assertions and those is often the case. Usually, these opinions maybe formed through mass media i.e. magazines and televisions. When it comes to handbags, most people will associate designer handbags with an affluent lifestyle as seen through their favourite celebrities (Hirschman, 1988). They usually form ideologies about what it means to be prestigious using these stereotypes displayed on TV and the like. Designer handbags have been flaunted by many celebrities and young women from all over the country often look for prestige through such outlets. Eventually, these designer handbags become status symbols for groups in colleges and other institutions which have a vast number of young people. Most will rent handbags in order to conform to the reference group which holds such items in high esteem. This is definitely one reason why the rent a luxury bag business has become popular. Renting luxury bags has also become common owing to internal factors associated to consumers. Individuals may simply buy a luxury brand because they want to derive certain benefits from it. In other words, these consumers purchase in order to increase their level of excitement or beauty as they go along. Many luxuries have been marketed as having unique value since they are pleasing to the eye. Some consumers have heard such messages and may actually want to experience that emotional satisfaction although their major challenge has been money. Businessmen have solved this problem by offering them that same pleasure without the need to purchase it. Even low budget consumers can therefore get to enjoy the benefits of this lu xury brand as they go along changing their positions. They can therefore get partial fulfilment even though they may not have been able to in the past (Kahle. 1995)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Transumerism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some external factors have also contributed to this trend and they include economic challenges as well as technological advancement. The UK economy had been down for some time, consequently, people needed to look for ways of saving the little money they were making. Most of these consumers may have been high end consumers who could no longer afford luxury bags after the economic slump or they may have been regular consumers who simply wanted a taste of the affluent lifestyle. Businessmen responded to this need by offering them renting options for designer handbags. These individuals could therefore keep up with the lifestyle they were used to at affordable rates. Additionally, they could do this at their own discretion and without the knowledge of their peers. Renting designer bags may also been boosted by the proliferation of online businesses. These have brought products and services to consumers who would never have been aware or who may never have thought of using them. Also businesses have benefited from the use of internet technologies by saving on overhead costs associated with retail outlets and by having an extremely wide consumer base. Most rental options for luxury bags are found on the internet so this is definitely indicative of the fact that technology has played a huge role in popularising the trend. The target market for these rental designer bags will therefore consist of fashion conscious individuals who are economically challenged. It will also appeal to transumers who have a need for excitement and new things all the time. In certain countries, the trend may work better than in others because of economic conditions (Vigneron Johnson, 1999). If economic times are tough for a while then this could offer an easy outlet for people who are trying to save up. Therefore, the trend may work in countries whose economies are on the decline. They may also be appropriate for financially stable countries which have many affluent consumers. Chances of finding transumers in developed nations are higher than in non developed ones. Some nations of the world may not understand the concept of designer handbags and such a business may not work well in these countries.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I would not rent a bag if I was asked because of a number of reasons. If one was interesting in renting a bag for ownership, then one would not be impressed by the terms of purchase. The final selling price is definitely much higher than the cost of the designer bag. I also realise that in this arrangement, the handbag can be repossessed if I fail to meet my weekly or periodical obligations when am interested in purchasing the product; a scenario common to most lease agreements (Lacko, 2007). Furthermore, the business has no cash refundable option if one changes one’s mind about buying a bag. All one gets are some baggie points which limit one’s options to renting yet another bag. Also, if one was interesting in renting the bag alone, there could be the danger that the bags are not original designer bags. The company affirms that all its bags are retailed from top designer outlets; however, the firm has an option for renting out its customers’ bags too. Here, a member gets into the M-RTO program and they are expected to prove that they obtained the bag from a reputable reseller or they got it from a boutique which is well known. They usually do this with authenticity cards or receipts. The major problem with this kind of approach is that some resellers may not be strict about the authenticity of the bag and if that bag comes to thatbagiwant.com then chances are people will be renting non original bags from the company. This is quite a big loophole that the company needs to address in order to prevent such kinds of problems in the future (Rent a bag, 2011). If the company wanted to get my business then they should simply streamline their MRTO programme such that strictly designer bags are bought and introduced into their system. They can achieve this by making sure that they do not deal with any bags that were bought from resellers as that could the point at which the quality of their products are tarnished. Furthermore, the company needs t o improve its rent for ownership program. Customers end up paying much higher prices than normal. The company should cut down on these prices and lay it out in the website. The non refundable option should be scrapped so as to make this option plausible. Also, they should be clear about the ninety five percent buy back option. In their explanation, they assert that they are willing to buy back a handbag for as much as ninety five percent. They did not explain the conditions needed to get it at a lower rate. In the future, it is likely that luxury bags may lack the exclusivity that they possessed before if rental bags become so common. In other words, designer products will now come to the mass market and the affluent will not be such a prime target market for sellers of these commodities. However Groth and McDaniel (1993) explain that high prices often make certain products desirable because there is a quality cue linked to them. Affluent consumers may no longer treat luxury bags as high quality products if so many of them are available to the masses. Therefore, designer bag makers may lose out on the high end but will gain on the low end of the market (Erickson and Johansson, 1985). Alternatively, it is likely that the future may also record greater diversification in this luxury renting business. It should be noted that in the past, car rentals and wedding dress rentals were the staple. Now, companies specialising with jewellery, party dresses and bags have become common. In the future, it is likely that more and more categories will be added into this exciting new industry. Also, membership prices and rental costs will dramatically reduced because there will be greater competition between such businesses. It will also lead to greater levels of exposure among the population because designer brands will be more accessible (Jackson, 2005). Rental luxury brands are definitely a force to reckon with in today’s business world because they have created tota lly different markets for companies. They are also meeting needs of fashion ‘addicts’ with minimal income to spare for such indulgences. Furthermore, they are a response to the transumerism culture prevalent today. Things will definitely look up for this industry in the future because it will provide access to unreachable consumers. References Jackson, K. (2005). Renting a handful of luxury. The Boston Globe, October 13, 2005. Vigneron, F. Johnson, L. (1999). A review and a conceptual framework of prestige seeking consumer behaviour. Academy of marketing science review, 1(3), 1-17. Rent a bag (2011). Rent a bag in Singapore. Web. Sterba, J. (2009). Transumerism: What does it mean for your business? Marketing Intelligence, July 27, 2009. Lacko, J. (2007). Staff report: rent to own customers. FTC Bureau of economic report. Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel (1982), Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions, Journal of Consumer Research, 9 (S eptember), 183-194. Berry, Christopher J. (1994), The Idea of Luxury: A Conceptual and Historical Investigation, New York: Cambridge University Press. Hirschman, Elizabeth C. (1988), The Ideology of Consumption: A Structural-Syntactical Analysis of Dallas and Dynasty, Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (December), 344-359. Kahle, Lynn R. (1995), Role-Relaxed Consumers: Empirical Evidence, Journal of Advertising Reseach, 35 (2), 59-62. Groth, John C. and Stephen W. McDaniel (1993), The Exclusive Value Principle: The Basis for Prestige Pricing, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 10 (1), 10-16. Erickson, Gary M. and Johny K. Johansson (1985), The Role of Price in Multi-Attribute Product Evaluations, Journal of Consumer Research, 12 (September), 195-199. Dubois, Bernard and Patrick Duquesne (1993), The Market for Luxury Goods: Income Versus Culture, European Journal of Marketing, 27 (1), 35-44.

Henry Brown Patents Safer Document Storage

Henry Brown Patents Safer Document Storage Henry Brown patented a receptacle for storing and preserving papers on November 2, 1886 This was a kind of strongbox, a fire-safe and accident-safe container made of forged metal, which could be sealed with a lock and key. It was special in that it kept the papers inside it separated, A precursor to the personal safe? It was not the first patent for a strongbox, but it was patented as an improvement. Who Was Henry Brown? No biographical information about Henry Brown could be found, other than his being noted as a black inventor. He lists his place of residence as Washington DC at the time of his patent application, filed June 25, 1886.  There is no record of whether Henry Browns receptacle was manufactured or marketed, or whether he profited from his ideas and designs. It isnt known what he did as a profession and what inspired this invention. Receptacle for Storing and Preserving Papers The box designed by Henry Brown had a series of hinged trays. When opened, you could access one or more of the trays. The trays could be lifted separately. This allowed the user to separate papers and store them securely. He mentions it was a useful design for storing carbon papers, which might be more delicate and could be damaged by scraping against the lid. They could also transfer carbon smudges to other documents, so it was important to keep them separate. His design helped ensure that they didnt come into contact with the lid or the tray above each lower tray. That would minimize any risk of damaging documents when you opened and closed the box. The use of typewriters and carbon papers at this time likely presented new challenges in how to store them. While carbon papers were a handy innovation for keeping a duplicate of typewritten documents, they could be easily smudged or torn. The box was made of sheet metal and could be locked. This allowed for secure storage of important documents at home or the office.   Storing Papers How do you store your important papers? Have you grown used to being able to scan, copy, and save paper documents in digital formats? You may have difficulty imagining the world where there might be only a single copy of a document that could be lost and never recovered. In the time of Henry Brown, fires that destroyed homes, office buildings and factories were all too common. Papers being flammable, they were likely to go up in smoke. If they were destroyed or stolen, you might not be able to retrieve the information or proof they contained. This was a time when carbon paper was the commonly used way to make multiples of important documents. It was a long time before the copying machine and before documents might be saved on microfilm. Today, you often get documents in digital form from the outset and have a reasonable reassurance that copies can be retrieved from one or more sources. You may never print them out.

Age estimation based on pubic symphysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Age estimation based on pubic symphysis - Essay Example This paper illustrates that amongst other techniques to estimate the age of the skeleton dentition is also frequently used to estimate age and at times this might be the last resort, given the complete mutilation or decomposition of the corpse This is because in such a situation   it is impossible to base any conclusions pertaining to age or identity upon other parts of the anatomy. Age estimation based on the changes within the surface of the pubic symphysis   is another method which has come to be regarded as as a reliable criterion for the estimation of age which has received much attention with in the field of forensic osteology which relates to the observation of the changes in pubic symphysis, particularly pertaining to the age related changes in adult humans between the ages of   20-50 years, which is a time when the skeleton itself goes through rapid growth related changes. Therefore morphological changes in the symphyseal surface of pubic bones have been evaluated by t he forensic anatomists through methods like Todd’s phase system for White Males McKern and Stewart’s three-component system with five active developmental stages for males Hanihara and Suzuki’s multiple regression analysis and quantification theory model be consistent in the way you list these. Suchey–Brooks phases which are more detailed for the examination of the male pubic symphysis. Based on the above this paper explores these methodologies pertaining to age estimation using morphological features of the pubic symphysis and goes onto evaluate their precision in the light of academic opinion.. Introduction As mentioned above, at the culmination of the growth process which also brings about the full eruption of the dentition growth it is possible to experience complications in the estimation of age , relying on evidence of degenerative processes. (Gilbert and Mckern 1973) .However, age estimation at death can be made from multiple methods out of one of which will be discussed below to be the symphyseal formula technique where as it has been â€Å"found that age estimates based on this single event are more dependable than similar age estimates from other bones. This technique has made age estimation from unknown skeletal remains more realistic, more accurate and more dependable.† (Parikh, C. k., 1990). There a number of techniques available with in the forensic osteology to estimate the survival, social adjustment and age of the populations based on the patterns of morbidity and mortality and these have included techniques like pubic symphysis morphology, auricular surface morphology, age-related size distribution, tooth wear, epiphyseal closure, dental eruption patterns. All these techniques are well utilized if the skeleton is still in its period of growth and development and their use may give very precise results However as soon as the growth and development process ceases. it becomes more and more difficult to give a precise assessment of the age based upon the evidence of the degenerative processes.Thus public morphology provides a good way of establishing consistent findings for the determination of age at death (mostly) of the corpse. Age is thus determined by

Cash flow Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cash flow - Coursework Example From the above hypothetical cash flow, we can see that the cash from operation $2837 million and net profit is $124 million. There is a difference between the cash generated from operating activities and net profit. It is because cash from operations includes capital expenditure, income from sales of plants, equipment and property and cash acquisitions but when we compute net profits then we deduct all the expenditures from the sales revenue. Thus the net profit and cash from operations may not always be equal. A company can earn net profit but it may earn negative cash from operations which indicate the company actually has no cash in its hand. Cash flow from operating activities can be done by using either direct method or indirect method. These methods are different from each other. In the direct method information about main elements of gross cash payments and gross cash receipts is shown as separate and the information about the receipts and payments can be gathered either from records of accounts or by adjusting the cost of sales, sales and other elements in the income statement. But on the other side in case of indirect method, profit and loss is adjusted on elements which are related to financing and investing activities and effects of noncash transactions like changes in receivables, payables, inventory, provisions, depreciation, amortisation, gains and losses in foreign currency and differed tax liabilities are also adjusted for the items (Thornton, 2012, p.15).

Foreign Cultures Essay Example for Free

Foreign Cultures Essay The problem of the students who have to learn foreign cultures or not had concerned a number of people. Some individuals advocate that the students are just need to know their own country culture.However, their are a large group of opponents have an opposite perspective. As far as I concerned,The students in college are necessary to know the foreign cultures. Most of the student will go to other countries in the future for their jobs or visit their relatives or friends. So they have to know some foreign cultures for the convenience and live without troubles. If you are a tourist on that country, and you know the foreign cultures, you can enjoy your trip. If you are working on that country, you will put more focus on your work and getting more friends. But if you don’t know the cultures of the country which you live, you will have a lot of troubles. You can not pay any attention on you major work, you will not happy because some awkward things will happen. In addition, if you familiar with the cultures of foreign countries, wherever you are you will be the person who is most attractive. A lot of people might think you are really intelligent and know a lot of interesting things and knowledge they don’t know. So you might getting a lot of friends who interest you. If you are in the foreign country, you will have live easier and smoother. to get a good job. If you want to be a teacher in the school or a tour guide, you will need this culture a lot. In the conclusion, learning foreign cultures are really helpful, they are a sort of ability that can avoid some embarrassments, and can help you getting more opportunities to make new friends and good jobs in the future.

fuel cell technology :: essays research papers

Fuel cell technology 1 Running head: FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY: TRANSPORTATION AND RESIDENTAL/ COMMERICAL APPLICATIONS Fuel Cell Technology: Transportation and residential/commercial applications   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Monique University 2 A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity. With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals. Fuel cell provides a DC (direct current voltage that can be used to power motors, lights or any number of electrical appliances. The fuel cell will compete with many other types of energy conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your city's power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries converted chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently. Fuel cells improve battered powered cars and gasoline powered cars more efficiently. Fuel-cell-powered electric cars are powered with pure hydrogen. It has the potential to be up to 80% 3 efficient, and with today’s gas prices that would be wonderful. The efficiency of a gasoline-powered car is surprisingly low. All of the heat that comes out as exhaust or goes into the radiator is wasted energy. The engine also uses a lot of energy turning the various pumps, fans and generators that keep it going. So the overall efficiency of an automotive gas engine is about 20%. That is, only about 20% of the thermal-energy content of the gasoline is converted into mechanical work. The efficiency of an electric car is 72% for the car, 40% for the power plant and 90% for charging the car. That gives an overall efficiency of 26%. The overall efficiency varies considerably depending on what sort of power plant is used. If the electricity for the car is generated by a hydroelectric plant for instance, then it is basically free (we didn't burn any fuel to generate it), and the efficiency of the electric car is about 65%.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 Efficiency is not the only consideration, however. People will not drive a car just because it is the most efficient if it makes them change their behavior.

Hefty Hardware Essay

After reading Hefty hardware case study, I came up with the following analysis for this case: It is very clear that there is communication issues between the business and IT, there is no connection between the IT department and other business departments. To build good relationship between the IT Department and the Business department, the four foundation blocks needed, Competence, credibility, interpersonal interaction, and trust, which all are not considered between the departments. (McKeen & Smith, 2012). The business manager feels that the IT don’t have the enough competence for finding solution for solving business problems. And this is normal because the IT do not have the enough knowledge about Hefty Hardware business process and goals. The very important block in building good relationship between the IT and business department which is the interpersonal interaction is not available and usually the meetings getting failed because the IT people don’t understand the business talk and not ready to understand, also the business managers do not understand the technical talk when the IT start explaining the technical aspects of the solution. Hefty Hardware do not has solid foundation and good relationship between the IT and the Business department, and this issue became the main problem that Hefty should deal with it to make sure that the current and future projects will success. Also it is important that the IT department spend the enough time to explain their plan to support the business functions and make sure that they will work to achieve the organization goals. There is no information sharing between the departments or even between the executives because of the lack of communication. Information sharing will help in reach common goal which will help the organization to be more efficient and productive. Mr. Vogel suggestion was very good to have two from IT and business department travel together as this will improve the relationship between the two departments and make better understanding for the organization goals and will give them the chance to see how Hefty stores operate. The IT department seems to be understaffed and under budget, as Farzad was complaining that he cannot send some IT staff because they have a lot of work to do at the head quarter, the IT department is mainly to perform the support and keep the network and the systems stable but they don’t have the ability to think strategically. In order for the IT and the business can work collaboratively to deliver the Savvy Store program  successfully the below recommendations need to be considered: 1- Hefty Hardware should invest in building a good relationship between the IT and Business department this can be achieved by conducting team building training program where both department can interact and work together. As this will build a trusting and functional environment. 2- Developing the communication skills for Hefty employees and between the different departments, which will help in implementing successful projects. 3- IT and Business managers should work together for removing any communication obstacles to have a successful communication going. (Gartenstein, 2012). By having a weekly meetings which will strengthen the communication more . 4- Interpersonal interaction between the IT and business departments should be improved in the meetings, as most of the time the business team feel that they are lost as then don’t understand the technical points, this can be achieved by train the IT team to improve their communication skills and let then have the ability to communicate with non-technical people (which is not easy) and explain to them in simple way. Visual presentation may help in explaining the technical concepts . 5- Business team should also share the organization business needs and goals with the IT team to let them understand how is the business going and what is the goals of the company. By this cooperation, the gap between the two departments will be bridged and both teams will be able to think more efficiently in finding solutions that will enhance customer experience and will implement competitive solutions. 6- Outsourcing the projects that need to be immediately implemented and do not trouble the IT department while they are overloaded and don’t have enough staff. 7- The Time management & Planning is very important for both departments, the organization should invest in having them trained in time management and planning, which will help them in doing the work efficiently and on time. 8- Do a market research for the same industry and try to implement a competitive solutions that will be a very good advantage for the organization. 9- Hiring more IT staff as the CIO is understaffed and has no ability to accept any new system development, so as to be able to work on Savvy store program. 10- The corporate should not be disconnected from the retail shops. References: McKeen, J. and Heather, S. (2011) IT Strategy – Issues and Practices. 2nd Edition. ISBN-10: 0132145669. Boston: Prentice Hall. Gartenstein, D. (2012, January). Solutions for effective communication. Retrieved from eHow Family website: http://www.ehow.com/way_5765631_solutions-effective-communication.html. Baum, J. (2011, March 18). Team building exercises in the workplace. Retrieved from Livestrong website: http://www.livestrong.com/article/221732-team-building-exercises-in-the-workplace/.

Earth and Its People Edition 3 Chapter 7 Outline

The Impact of the Silk Road †¢ The Silk Road at first caused many pastoral groups to form. Eventually, rich families did settleand build large establishments. †¢ The Silk Road allowed the spread of religions ( see chart above ) such as Nestorian Christianity,Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism. †¢ The stirrup spread though out the Silk Road. It allowed riders to be much more stable and thuscaused military innovation. i. e. the superiority of the Tang calvary in China. The Indian Ocean Maritime System †¢The Indian Ocean Maritime System was a society of seafarers established across the IndianOcean and South China Sea. †¢ This trade system linked a network of sea trade routes from Africa to China. The main playerswere Africans, South Arabian Persian, and the  Southern Chinese people (including theIndonesians and Malays). †¢ Although much of the discoveries of new lands and waters were attributed to famous peoplesuch as Zhang Jian or Hippalus, we mus t not forget the the indigenous people of these areasalso greatly contributed to their  expansions. Origins of Contact and Trade †¢Madagascar is the world’s fourth largest island. †¢ 2000 years ago, people from one of the many Indonesian islands of Southeast Asia establishedthemselves in the mountainous land of Madagascar, 9,500 kilometers from home. †¢ These people kept much of their traditions but eventually lost most of it. [pic] The Impact of Indian Ocean Trade †¢ The precious materials wanted in  trade included ivory and minerals. †¢ Evidence of ancient copper mines has been  found in Oman in  southeastern Arabia. †¢ However, this volume of trade was  less than the amount occurring in the Mediterranean. †¢In the Indian area, the ports were small due to geographical problems such as inland monsoonwater not by the sea. †¢ E India, the Malay Peninsula, and Indonesia afforded more hospitable and densely populatedshores with e asier access to inland  populations. †¢ The empires that existed through out this Indus area never bothered to develop  as muchmaritime powers as the Greeks or  the Phoenocians did. †¢ The families around the coastal Indian area established bilingual and bicultural systems. Routes Across the Sahara Early Saharan Cultures †¢ The Sahara is broken only by the Nile River. †¢The trans-Saharan Caravan Routes were forced into existence due to the lack of water in manyareas. †¢ Before the Sahara became dry (pre 2500 B. C. E. ), this area was quite wet with a diverse group of  animals. †¢ Many believe that people from Mediterranean civilizations such as the Minoans, Mycenaeans, orRomans may have rode chariots into  the Saharan deserts. However, this evidence is lacking. [pic] Trade Across the Sahara †¢ Traders developed into two groups: the north and south. †¢ The North primarily focused on salt  trade. †¢ People from the souther Sahel brought forest and  agriculture goods.Sub-Saharan Africa A challenging Geography †¢ The use of rivers was limited by the many rapids in the rivers. †¢ The Southern Sahara area was limited and surrounded by many obstacles such as  the Niger,Zaire, Senegal Rivers, the Red  Sea, the Saharan Desert, etc. †¢ South of the Sahara are the steppes and savanna rain forests. These places were difficult totraverse. The Development of Cultural Unity †¢ â€Å"Anthropologists call â€Å"Great Traditions† those that typically include a written language, commonlegal and belief systems, ethical codes, and other intellectual attitudes.They loom large inwritten records as traditions that rise above the diversity of local  customs and beliefs commonlydistinguished as â€Å"small traditions. †Ã¢â‚¬  †¢ The elite culture in the sub-Saharan area turned the area into a Great Tradition area. †¢ This area is home to ~ 2000 languages. African Cultural Char acteristics †¢ African culture is shaped by the geographically different conditions of the lands. †¢ The post ice age time caused the diverse group of people to form. †¢ Although the population flourished at first, the  increase in dryness over the long period of  timecaused the diverse groups of people to  recede into specific areas.The Advent of Iron and the Bantu Migrations †¢ Agriculture started in the 2nd millennium B. C. E. and spread southward from the area by theSahara. †¢ Archaeology has also uncovered traces of copper mining in  the Sahara from the early  firstmillennium B. C. E. †¢ Copper smelting was during 400 C. E. †¢ Iron smelting was around the 1st millennium C. E. †¢ The Africans of Bantu probably figured out  how to smelt iron by themselves. The Spread of Ideas Ideas and Material Evidence †¢ In SE Asian, pig domestication was extremely important. †¢ Coinage in Anatolia and Europe was extremely popular. A t the same time coinage in China was also very popular. The Spread of Buddhism †¢ Please See The Above Image and Your Religious Charts The Spread of Christianity †¢ Please see Religious Chart ______________________________________________________ CHAPTER OUTLINE I. The Silk Road | | | |A. Origins and Operations | | 1. The Silk Road was an overland route that linked China to the Mediterranean world via Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia. There were two periods of heavy use of the Silk Road: (1) 150 b. c. e. –907 c. e. and (2) the thirteenth through seventeenth centuries c. e. 2. The origins of the Silk Road trade may be located in the occasional trading of Central Asian nomads.Regular, large-scale trade was fostered by the Chinese demand for western products (particularly horses) and by the Parthian state in northeastern Iran and its control of the markets in Mesopotamia. 3. In addition to horses, China imported alfalfa, grapes, and a variety of other new crops a s well as medicinal products, metals, and precious stones. China exported peaches and apricots, spices, and manufactured goods including silk, pottery, and paper. | |B. The Impact of the Silk Road 1. Turkic nomads, who became the dominant pastoralist group in Central Asia, benefited from the trade. Their elites constructed houses, lived settled lives, and became interested in foreign religions including Christianity, Manicheanism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and (eventually) Islam. 2. Central Asian military technologies, particularly the stirrup, were exported both east and west, with significant consequences for the conduct of war. | | II.The Sasanid Empire, 224-600 CE A. Politics and Society 1. The Sasanid kingdom was established in 224 and controlled the areas of Iran and Mesopotamia. 2. The Sasanid Empire made Zoroastrianism its official religion. The Byzantine Empire made Christianity its official religion. Both Zoroastrianism and Christianity were intolerant of other religions. 3. In the third century Mani of Mesopotamia founded a religion whose beliefs centered around the struggle between Good and Evil. Mani was killed by the Sasanid shah, but Manichaeism spread widely in Central Asia.Arabs had some awareness of these religions conflicts and knew about Christianity. III. The Indian Ocean Maritime System | | | | A. Origins of Contact and Trade | | 1.There is evidence of early trade between ancient Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. This trade appears to have broken off as Mesopotamia turned more toward trade with East Africa. 2. Two thousand years ago, Malay sailors from Southeast Asia migrated to the islands of Madagascar. These migrants, however, did not retain communications or trade with their homeland. | | B. The Impact of Indian Ocean Trade 1. What little we know about trade in the Indian Ocean system before Islam is gleaned largely from a single first century c. . Greco-Egyptian text,  The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea. This account describes a trading system that must have been well established and flourishing when the account was written. The goods traded included a wide variety of spices, aromatic resins, pearls, Chinese pottery, and other luxury goods. The volume of trade was probably not as high as in the Mediterranean. 2. The culture of the Indian Ocean ports was often isolated from that of their hinterlands. In the western part of the Indian Ocean, trading ports did not have access to large inland populations of potential consumers.Even in those eastern Indian and Malay peninsula ports that did have access to large inland populations, the civilizations did not become oriented toward the sea. 3. Traders and sailors in the Indian Ocean system often married local women in the ports that they frequented. These women thus became mediators between cultures. | | IV. Routes Across the Sahara | |A. Early Saharan Cultures | | 1. Undateable rock paintings in the highland areas that separate the southern from the northern Sa hara indicate the existence of an early Saharan hunting culture that was later joined by cattle breeders who are portrayed as looking rather like contemporary West Africans. 2. The artwork indicates that the cattle breeders were later succeeded by horse herders who drove chariots.There is no evidence to support the earlier theory that these charioteers might have been Minoan or Mycenaean refugees. But there is also no evidence to show us either their origins or their fate. 3. The highland rock art indicates that camel riders followed the charioteers. The camel was introduced from Arabia and its introduction and domestication in the Sahara was probably related to the development of the trans-Saharan trade. Written evidence and the design of camel saddles and patterns of camel use indicate a south-to-north diffusion of camel riding. . The camel made it possible for people from the southern highlands of the Sahara to roam the desert and to establish contacts with the people of the nort hern Sahara. | | B. Trade Across the Sahara 1. Trade across the Sahara developed slowly when two local trading systems, one in the southern Sahara and one in the north, were linked. Traders in the southern Sahara had access to desert salt deposits and exported salt to the sub-Saharan regions in return for kola nuts and palm oil.Traders in the north exported agricultural products and wild animals to Italy. | | V. Sub-Saharan Africa | | A. A Challenging Geography | | 1. Sub-Saharan Africa is a large area with many different environmental zones and many geographical obstacles to movement. . Some of the significant geographical areas are the Sahel, the tropical savanna, the tropical rain forest of the lower Niger and Zaire, the savanna area south of the rain forest, steppe and desert below that, and the temperate highlands of South Africa. | | B. The Development of Cultural Unity 1. Scholars draw a distinction between the â€Å"great traditions† of ruling elite culture in a ci vilization and the many â€Å"small traditions† of the common people. . In sub-Saharan Africa no overarching â€Å"great tradition† developed. Sub-Saharan Africa is a vast territory of many â€Å"small traditions. † Historians know very little about the prehistory of these many â€Å"small traditions† and their peoples. 3. African cultures are highly diverse. The estimated two thousand spoken languages of the continent and the numerous different food production systems reflect the diversity of the African ecology and the difficulty of communication and trade between different groups.Another reason for the long dominance of â€Å"small traditions† is that no foreign power was able to conquer Africa and thus impose a unified â€Å"great tradition. † | | C. African Cultural Characteristics 1. Despite their diversity, African cultures display certain common features that attest to an underlying cultural unity that some scholars have called †Å"Africanity. † 2. One of these common cultural features is a concept of kingship in which kings are ritually isolated and oversee societies in which the people are arranged in age groups and kinship ivisions. 3. Other common features include cultivation with the hoe and digging stick, the use of rhythm in African music, and the functions of dancing and mask wearing in rituals. 4. One hypothesis offered to explain this cultural unity holds that the people of sub-Saharan Africa are descended from the people who occupied the southern Sahara during its â€Å"wet period† and migrated south the Sahel, where their cultural traditions developed. | | D. The Advent of Iron and the Bantu Migrations 1.Sub-Saharan agriculture had its origins north of the equator and then spread southward. Iron working also began north of the equator and spread southward, reaching southern Africa by 800 c. e. 2. Linguistic evidence suggests that the spread of iron and other technology in sub-Saharan Africa was the result of a phenomenon known as the Bantu migrations. 3. The original homeland of the Bantu people was in the area on the border of modern Nigeria and Cameroon. Evidence suggests that the Bantu people spread out toward the east and the south through a series of migrations over the period of the first millennium c. . By the eight century, Bantu-speaking people had reached East Africa. | | IV. The Spread of Ideas | | A. Ideas and Material Evidence | | 1. It is extremely difficult, sometimes impossible, to trace the dissemination of ideas in preliterate societies.For example, eating pork was restricted or prohibited by religious belief in Southeast Asia, in ancient Egypt, and in eastern Iran. Because Southeast Asia was an early center of pig domestication, scholars hypothesize that the pig and the religious injunctions concerning eating the pig traveled together toward the west. This has not been proved. 2. Another difficult problem involves the invention of coins. In the Mediterranean world, the coins were invented in Anatolia and spread from there to Europe, North Africa, and India.Chinese made cast copper coins—was this inspired by the Anatolian example? There is no way of knowing. | | B. The Spread of Buddhism 1. The spread of ideas in a deliberate and organized fashion such that we can trace it is a phenomenon of the first millennium c. e. This is particularly the case with the spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. 2. The spread of Buddhism was facilitated both by royal sponsorship and by the travels of ordinary pilgrims and missionaries.In India, the Mauryan king Ashoka and King Kanishka of the Kushans actively supported Buddhism. Two of the most well-known pilgrims who helped to transmit Buddhism to China were the Chinese monks Faxian and Xuanzang. Both have left reliable narrative accounts of their journeys. 3. Buddhist missionaries from India traveled to a variety of destinations: west to Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, as well as to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and Tibet. 4. Buddhism was changed and further developed in the lands to which it spread.Theravada Buddhism became dominant in Sri Lanka, Mahayana in Tibet, and Chan (Zen) in East Asia. | | C. The Spread of Christianity 1. Armenia was an important entrepot for the Silk Road trade. Mediterranean states spread Christianity to Armenia in order to bring that kingdom over to its side and thus deprive Iran of control of this area. 2. The transmission of Christianity to Ethiopia was similarly linked to a Mediterranean Christian attempt to deprive Iran of trade.

Themes Of The Glass Menagerie Essays - English-language Films

Themes Of The Glass Menagerie Essays - English-language Films Themes Of The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie is a play that contains intense human feelings; frustration, shyness, regretfulness, anger, and sadness. The play is set in the apartment of the Wingfield family. In this cramped, dinghy place lives three characters; Amanda, Laura, and Tom, who are desperate to make their dream come true. Amanda is a shrew, she wants to live through her daughter, Laura. Her dream is for her daughter to marry to a well-educated man and support her throughout the rest of her life. Amanda always make complaining remarks about her husband who had left her with Tom and Laura. Amanda nags Tom for spending too much time watching movies instead of working and finding a suitable for Laura. She likes to brag about how many Gentleman callers came to her house to pursue her. Tom is the narrator of the play. His dream is to be a poet and have no responsibilities to his family. He works at a warehouse, which he doesnt appreciate because it avoids him to complete his dream. He detests when his mother tell him what to do and how to do it, sometimes he has to act without pity. Laura is shy and has a low self-esteem. She is compared to her glass collection, fragile in every sense. As an effect of a childhood illness, she was left crippled, which made her think that she was less than everybody else. She avoids socializing because she is afraid of breaking up, however this changes when she sees her old crush, Jim Occonor. Her dream is to feel good about herself and to get out of her depression. Each character desires to escape from this lifestyle, poverty is what has them trap. The fire escape provides a different purpose for each of the characters. From the opening of the play, Toms addresses the audience from the fire escape. The fire escape allows Tom to get out of the apartment and away from his nagging mother. Amanda sees it as an entrance for the Gentleman callers to enter their lives. Laura hides inside the apartment not in the fire escape. The fire escape separates authenticity from the undiscovered. Tom escapes in more than one way, first is the fire escape which leads him away from his home, then the movies. The movies temporarily takes him to another world, where mothers and runaways fathers doesnt exist. He also gets away by drinking. He wants to escape his responsibilities of taking care of his mother and sister. He wishes to have a life of his own. Laura finds an escape through her glass collection. She also finds relieves in playing the same old record day after day. Across their apartment is the Paradise Dance Hall. Perhaps the music floating up to the apartment from the dance hall is supposed to be her escape which she just cant take. As time goes its getting harder and harder for Tom to avoid the real world, and the time for him to leave comes. When he leaves , he feels guilty for abandoning Laura . However, he discovers that he hasnt escaped, but led himself onto a path of even more powerful desperation. The theme escape is used throughout the play to demonstrate the hopelessness of each characters dreams. For the characters, an escape is possible, however, in the end no one finds a clear break. Bibliography Williams, Tennesse. The Glass Menagerie.

50 Slang Terms for Money

50 Slang Terms for Money 50 Slang Terms for Money 50 Slang Terms for Money By Mark Nichol I find very little about money to be interesting, other than counting my own, but I’ve noted that there’s a rich fund of slang terms for money that can help enliven both casual and more serious content about currency and finance. Here’s a roster of slang synonyms in plural form for words for US currency in particular, many of which are useful for playful references to money or as options for evoking a historical period in fiction by using contemporary idiom: 1. Bank: money 2. Benjamins: a one-hundred-dollar bill (in reference to the portrait of Benjamin Franklin that distinguishes it) 3. Big ones: multiples of one thousand dollars 4. Bills: multiples of one hundred dollars 5. Bones: dollars (origin unknown) 6. Bread: money in general (on the analogy of it being a staple of life) 7. Bucks: dollars (perhaps from a reference to buckskins, or deerskins, which were once used as currency) 8. Cabbage: paper money (from its color) 9. Cheddar (or chedda): money (origin unknown, but perhaps from the concept of cheese distributed by the government to welfare recipients) 10. Clams: dollars (perhaps from the onetime use of seashells as currency) 11. Coin: money, either paper or coinage 12-13. Cs (or C-notes): multiples of one hundred dollars (from the Roman symbol for â€Å"one hundred†) 14. Dead presidents: paper money (from the portraits of various former US presidents that usually distinguish bills of various denominations) 15. Dime: ten dollars (by multiplication of the value of the ten-cent coin) 16. Dough: money in general (akin to the usage of bread) 17-18. Doubles (or dubs): twenty-dollar bills 19. Ducats: money (from the Italian coin) 20. Fins: five-dollar bills (perhaps from the shared initial sound with fives) 21. Five-spots: five-dollar bills 22. Fivers: five-dollar bills 23. Folding stuff: paper money 24. Greenbacks: paper money (from the color of the ink) 25. Gs: thousand-dollar bills (an abbreviation for grand) 26. Grand: one thousand dollars (as in â€Å"three grand† for â€Å"three thousand dollars†) 27. Large: thousand-dollar bills 28. Lettuce: paper money (from its color) 29. Long green: paper money (from its shape and color) 30. Loot: money (originally denoted goods obtained illicitly or as the spoils of war) 31. Lucre: money or profit (from the biblical expression â€Å"filthy lucre,† meaning â€Å"ill-gained money†) 32. Moola (or moolah): money (origin unknown) 33. Nickel: five dollars (by multiplication of the value of the five-cent coin) 34. Ones: dollars (also, fives for â€Å"five-dollar bills,† tens for â€Å"ten-dollar bills,† and so on) 35. Quarter: twenty-five dollars (by multiplication of the value of the twenty-five-cent coin) 36. Sawbucks: ten-dollar bills (from the resemblance of X, the Roman symbol for ten, to a sawbuck, or sawhorse) 37. Scratch: money (perhaps from the idea that one has to struggle as if scratching the ground to obtain it) 38. Shekels: dollars (from the biblical currency) 39. Simoleons: dollars (perhaps from a combination of simon, slang for the British sixpence and later the American dollar, and napoleon, a form of French currency) 40. Singles: one-dollar bills 41. Skrilla: money (origin unknown) 42. Smackers: dollars (origin unknown) 43. Spondulix: money (either from spondylus, a Greek word for a shell once used as currency, or from the prefix spondylo-, which means â€Å"spine† or â€Å"vertebra†; these have a common etymology) 44. Stacks: multiples of a thousand dollars 45. Tenners: ten-dollar bills 46. Ten-spots: ten-dollar bills 47. Two bits: twenty-five cents (a reference to pieces of eight, divisible sections of a Mexican real, or dollar) 48. Wad: a bundle of paper money 49. Wampum: money (from the Native American term wampumpeag, referring to native currency) 50. Yards: one hundred dollars There are, of course, many other terms, dated or current, including borrowings of foreign terms like dinero. What did I miss (or omit)? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"What's a Male Mistress?Threw and Through

The Destruction of Sennarcherib Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Destruction of Sennarcherib - Essay Example However Byron does not tell us the full story of the destruction of the king but focuses on the battle scene. He writes about the Assyrian army being destroyed by the Angel of Death thereby making us realize that the power of God is much more than that of the human beings. The theme of the poem is the battle between good and evil and comparison of the power of God with the power of the mortals. Sennacherib here represents evil. God in this poem is very powerful and punishes those who set out to do wrong. He on hearing the cries of his people sends the Angel of Death to destroy Sennacherib. â€Å"And the might of the Gentile, unsmote by the sword / Hath melted like snow in the glance of the Lord,† (Byron, 1815) aptly describes how God protected his people from evil forces. Even though in the poem the Assyrians are described as noble characters wearing the royal colors of purple and gold they are shown as predators attacking the weak. The words â€Å"like a wolf on the fold,† points out to this. A breath of the Angel of Death was enough to destroy the great army and this shows how hollow the power of mortals is when compared to the power of God. The enemy was strong and the number of soldiers was as numerous as the number of leaves on the trees. Yet all that the angel of death did was "spread his wings" to destroy. This represents the central theme that God is more powerful than mortals. The Destruction of Sennacherib is clearly a poem on death. The first line of the third stanza itself conveys to us that the Assyrian king has been killed and the rest of the poem is about the effects of his death. The images of death are beautifully conveyed by the description of the king’s horse. Here Byron writes about foam spewing from the mouth of the horse and uses one whole stanza to describe the death of a horse. The death of a powerful animal like the horse is used as symbol to show that

Direct TV Strategic Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct TV Strategic Plan - Essay Example Customers connected to the internet can access the companys library, restart, and rewind shows and also engage interactive TV programs that provide real time information (DirecTV, 2013). The company’s advanced entertainment will involve an expanded capabilities. The company will provide streaming services outside the home with over 50 on-demand channels (DirecTV, 2013). Customers receive an improved user interface that unifies search across multiple screens. This interface is achievable through smart search capabilities across all platforms including mobile devices, tablets and set-top boxes (DirecTV, 2013). A global viewing history will ensure that subscribers can switch from one device to another and continue a previously paused program. The company’s strategy to transform subscriber experience will involve improving workforce and service quality engagement. Generating and testing of new ideas lead to improvements in products and procedures (DirecTV, 2013). A simplified customer interaction and increased subscriber self-service capability will increase productivity by reducing customer contact rates. Customers will also receive bundled broadband, video, and telephone services to improve customer convenience and cut costs (DirecTV, 2013). Providing a responsible pricing and enhanced productivity improves the customer experience and also the company’s profitability increases. The use of market growth and market share in developing strategies is crucial to our expansion. Suttle (2015) states that a company’s method of development is contingent upon its competition and financial situation. DirecTV currently has a little market share and especially in the private businesses. A firm’s market share is useful in determining the company’s strategy such as developing integrated bundling services and improving customer services like billing and packaging (DirecTV, 2013). A

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Technology - Essay Example Globally, technology has become very vital. However, as much as it has enhanced living, it has also brought some challenges like global warming, urban smoke and ozone depletion. The study seeks to outline the rational between technology and global change. Technology has played a very significant role and the transformations are evident in many areas around the planet. The first one is energy generation and consumption in both domestic and commercial use. Generally, power energy is used for warming and cooling our residence while in factories energy is essential in the production process. Currently, with energy resourceful technology, it is possible for individuals to employ a smaller amount of energy to get the same work done that before used very high energy levels. According to Brian and Gary, the use of efficient technologies has enormously contributed in saving money and energy (115). Technology has also led to new ways of generating energy such as wind, geothermal, solar and bio-energy. Energy obtained through these methods is referred to as renewable energy. It is believed to have the technical ability to meet all energy requirements, quickly and simple to set up, cost-effective and environmental friendly. With the correct tech nologies in place, environmental pollution can enormously be cut down while at the same time assist in jobs creation. The second area that has recorded enormous transformation is the transport sector. With the sector tremendously expanding, its segment’s discharges have risen at a much faster pace in contrast to any other power- using sector in excess of the earlier times. The major challenge, therefore, is how to enhance efficiency at the same time reducing discharge. Through technology, advances such as increased miles per gallon in all forms of transport and low–carbon petroleum are day in day out being developed (Brian and Gary

Effects Of Biodiversity Loss And Climate Change

Effects Of Biodiversity Loss And Climate Change Biodiversity is defined as the set of all living organisms and species on land and all natural things around them such as: oceans, rivers, mountains, deserts, land, forests, jungles, animals, plants, atmosphere, heaven and humans. Climate change: climate change is affecting biodiversity so that this becomes a major threat to biodiversity in the coming decades. Since this originated? Although throughout the history of the Earth climate has always changed with the ecosystems and species that came and went, rapid climate change affects ecosystems and the ability of species to adapt and thus increases the loss of biodiversity. While the loss of biodiversity increases the life of humans at risk enters e.g. climate change can dry the water taking into account global warming, and if no water, no human, this would also affect plants as without water, photosynthesis cannot be performed, also with animals and plants not animals without human life disappears. So if biodiversity has this enormou s threat we are under this threat also already there are evidence of how species are responding to global warming. Some examples are as follows: In Costa Ricas golden toad May Have Become Extinct Due to Their Inability to Adapt to Changing temperature Birds like the blue jay in Arizona are starting to reproduce early. Alpine plants are moving to Higher latitudes in Austria Such mammals as Arctic polar bears are feeling the ravages of global warming on ice decline The surface temperatures of the Seas Have produced a Phenomenon of coral bleaching, Yielding by an alga (Which Gives color to the coral) by high temperature, alters nutrient production Penguin Populations Have fallen by 33% in parts of Antarctica In Antarctic poles are melting because of climate change, and this at a major threat to the world as these poles melting caused sea level rise and it will cause flooding and losses till some cities on the coast, I chose these two themes primarily for their long relationship and sec ondly by providing extensive information with which I can learn and study the origins of biodiversity loss and that I can do to avoid it Why biodiversity is important? Life has been able to adapt to the most diverse places on earth, from microscopic creatures that habit in the icy landscapes of the poles to creatures that live in warmer places, since the birds that fly at high altitudes than fish living in depths of the ocean, our planet is full of living organisms. All of them are part of the history of the world in the last 3.5 billion years, which means since the onset of the first cell. Just the study of early life forms, has allowed us to see how they have evolved from the simplest of bacteria to the most complex. And even though we all know that in reality we are only able to identify with a name 10 percent of them, the remaining 90 percent are still a mystery to humans. The vast majority of them are not easily visible to us, but its importance is vital to our existence, are responsible for shifting the balance between different components of the atmosphere, purify the air we repair, recycle wastes of nature to that from dead organic matter can be reborn, and is that the distribution of tasks necessary for the maintenance of ecosystems is very complex and requires the activity of all its components. While more species living more productive and stable the ecosystem will be, and have greater capacity for recovery if there is a drought, fire or any other threat to this. Scientists have begun to realize how much of this, in 1997 a group of economists and environmental scientists tried to measure in economic terms, the services that the environment gives without asking anything in return, and results they achieved almost double the GDP of all countries in the world. We should not be surprising considering all the tasks that nature solves: regulate the at mosphere and climate, fresh water purifies, enriches the soil, recycles nutrients, decodes the waste, is responsible for the pollination of crops, produce fuel wood, food, fuels and humanity, as well as important is the planets biodiversity.http://danierap.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/biodiversidad3.jpg Climate change linked to human activity In the world, human activities have caused and will continue causing wear on biodiversity due to, among other things, changes in use and surface soil, pollution and land degradation and air pollution; the diversion of water into heavily altered ecosystems and urbanization, environmental decay, exploitation of species, introduction of alien species, ozone depletion and weather. The current rate of biodiversity loss is greater than the natural extinction. A fundamental question is how much can change (either natural or human-induced) increase or prevent such loss of biodiversity? The changes in climate create a secondary alteration to biodiversity that has begun affecting it. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased since preindustrial times due to human activities, particularly fossil fuels and changes in use and on the surface of the soil. For example currently rain fall on the northeast of Europe and the eastern United States and Canada that is considered acidic. The more acid rain in Europe signed up to Scotland. Observed Changes in climate Earth throughout the twentieth century: the temperature has raised land surface and marin patterns have changed spatial and temporal rainfall, has raised sea level, and increased frequency and intensity of phenomena associated with El Nià ±o. These changes, particularly the rise in temperatures in some areas have affected the timing of reproduction of animals and plants and / or migration of animals, to the extent of growing season, distribution of species and population size and frequency of pest and disease outbreaks. Some coastal ecosystems have also been affected by changes in regional climate. Loss of species by climate change The extinction of species increases the biodiversity loss, and with them our existence. For example: bees are disappearing, disappear. The consequences are disastrous this can cause the pollination is what has made it possible for millions of years, to ensure the reproduction from the plant to flower. In addition, 35% of our diet depends on pollination: fruit and vegetables. The most famous food recommended by dieticians. Moreover, in certain regions of the world, the disappearance of pollinating insects forces from Polish farmers to pollinate by hand. Researchers and beekeepers are moving in different scenarios, it has not yet been clearly identified the main cause of the extinction of bees. All pressures on the ecosystem and the health of bees have been revised: GMOs, electromagnetic waves, pesticides, pollution, climate change, scarcity of flowers, viruses, diseases, parasites, fungi, etc. http://img.over-blog.com/299189/0/55/19/29/abejas_transg__nicas.jpg What is expected of climate change? It is expected that climate change affects all aspects of biodiversity. However, these changes must take into account impacts from human activities, past, present and future, including increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide to the wide range of scenarios of CO2 increase is forecast that the average temperature Earths surface to rise between 1.4 and 5.8  ° C by the end of the century, land areas experiencing the highest warming oceans and high latitudes will warm more than the tropics. It is estimated that sea level rise associated with such changes falls 0.1 to 0.9 m. In general, it is expected an increase in precipitation in high latitudes and equatorial areas and decrease in subtropical areas but increased heavy rainfall. It is expected that climate change directly affecting individual organisms, populations, distribution of species, and ecosystem functioning, for example due to increased temperatures and changes in precipitation and in the case of marine ecosystems coastal and expected changes in sea level and strong storm surges, and indirectly, including through the impact of climate change in the intensity and frequency of phenomena such as forest fires. The loss, modification and disintegration of the environment and the introduction and spread of alien species will affect the impacts of climate change. A realistic projection of the future state of terrestrial ecosystems should take into account patterns of land use and water, which will greatly affect the ability of organisms to respond to climate change through movement. Percentage of variation of precipitation over the average forecast for global next 100 years on America. It is expected a decrease in central Chile and an increase in the extreme south. Melt poles by climate change Tropical, subtropical, Mediterranean, continental, desert, polar, mountain high Nobody can predict what weather will need to consider children in 100 years. The warming will force change textbooks because, even worse, alter the ecosystem of more than 60 percent of the land surface. The impact will suffer the most severe tropical forests. If you escape to deforestation, it is likely that the warming stopped. The poles will be reduced, and high mountain climates are also at risk of disappearing. Among all possible future scenarios, scientists have taken two extremes. The first, in which nothing is done to curb the emission of greenhouse gases, the result would be up to 39 percent of the Earths surface, would experience a change in temperature and rainfall that would result in a new climate. Therefore, 48 percent of current climates disappear. In the best case, with an emission control, the change will affect 20 percent of the land surface. The most affected area is the tropical, equat orial forests of Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia as a major hit. According to the model, the equatorial forests could move to the tropics, the deserts (Sahara, Gobi, New Mexico, Kalahari and northern Australia), to the current temperate zones, including Spain, and thus chain, to poles.http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/imag/_v2/ecodiario/medio_ambiente/225250/cambio_clima.jpg Climate change consequences Changes in biodiversity at ecosystem and landscapes, in response to climate change and other pressures (such as deforestation and changes in forest fires), could further affect the global and regional climate through changes in absorption and emission of greenhouse gases and changes in the reflection. Similarly, structural changes in biological communities in the upper layers of the oceans could alter the absorption of CO2 by the ocean or the emission of precursors for cloud condensation nuclei, causing positive or negative reactions or in the climate change. The simulation of changes in biodiversity in response to climate change presents some significant challenges. The data and simulations needed to estimate the extent and nature of future changes in ecosystems and changes in the geographical distribution of the species are incomplete, which means that these effects can be quantified only partially. Flooding in Concepcià ³n by the overflowing of the river Bà ­o Bà ­o, July 2006. Because of climate change March 30, 2007 March, 2008 Effects of the drought of 2007 in Vegas Cayucupil, Caà ±ete. The image shows the same place a year apart Conclusion As I explained earlier biodiversity plays a very important in us as this is vital for human life, and this is being eroded by many factors, but here in this project. Mainly I just said the climate change, we cause rapid climate change which becomes a threat to biodiversity, bone for us, but we can do something to prevent it? Yes, there are many things you can do to help or participate in improving the current condition of the Earth and future conditions are: Improving the efficiency of cars. Be achieved through better technology, lightening the structure, improvements in engines and transmission, reducing aerodynamic drag, decreasing resistance of the wheels, etc. Accelerate improvements in energy efficiency of industries, residences and commercial establishments and public, through effective policies. Stimulate and accelerate research and development of technologies based on energy sources of renewable energy. Ending deforestation and encourage reforestation Recycle Resources http://www.globalissues.org/ http://www.weblens.org/scholar.html http://www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine.html http://www.searchenginecolossus.com/Academic.html http://virtualprivatelibrary.blogspot.com/Scholar.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines http://www.un.org/en/